[PDF][PDF] Functional and epigenetic studies reveal multistep differentiation and plasticity of in vitro-generated and in vivo-derived follicular T helper cells

KT Lu, Y Kanno, JL Cannons, R Handon, P Bible… - Immunity, 2011 - cell.com
KT Lu, Y Kanno, JL Cannons, R Handon, P Bible, AG Elkahloun, SM Anderson, L Wei…
Immunity, 2011cell.com
Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells provide critical help to B cells for germinal center (GC)
formation. Mutations affecting SLAM-associated protein (SAP) prevent GC formation
because of defective T cell-B cell interactions, yet effects on Tfh cell differentiation remain
unclear. We describe the in vitro differentiation of functionally competent" Tfh-like" cells that
expressed interleukin-21, Tfh cell markers, and Bcl6 and rescued GC formation in SAP-
deficient hosts better than other T helper (Th) cells. SAP-deficient Tfh-like cells appeared …
Summary
Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells provide critical help to B cells for germinal center (GC) formation. Mutations affecting SLAM-associated protein (SAP) prevent GC formation because of defective T cell-B cell interactions, yet effects on Tfh cell differentiation remain unclear. We describe the in vitro differentiation of functionally competent "Tfh-like" cells that expressed interleukin-21, Tfh cell markers, and Bcl6 and rescued GC formation in SAP-deficient hosts better than other T helper (Th) cells. SAP-deficient Tfh-like cells appeared virtually indistinguishable from wild-type, yet failed to support GCs in vivo. Interestingly, both Tfh-like and in vivo-derived Tfh cells could produce effector cytokines in response to polarizing conditions. Moreover, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells could be reprogrammed to obtain Tfh cell characteristics. ChIP-Seq analyses revealed positive epigenetic markings on Tbx21, Gata3, and Rorc in Tfh-like and ex vivo Tfh cells and on Bcl6 in non-Tfh cells, supporting the concept of plasticity between Tfh and other Th cell populations.
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